Setting（背景）：The setting is both the time and geographic location within a narrative, either nonfictional or fictional.
背景既指时间，也指地点，既可以是虚构的，也可以是真实的。
Plot（情节）：Plot refers to the sequence of events inside a story which affect other events through the principle of cause and effect.
情节指作品所描写的事件发展和演变的全过程。
Character（人物角色）：A character (sometimes known as a fictional character) is a person or other being in a narrative (such as a novel, play, television series, film, or video game).
人物角色指的是在小说故事中出现和涉及到的人物。
Theme（主题）：In contemporary literary studies, a theme is the central topic a text treats.
主题即小说通过对现实生活的描绘和艺术形象的塑造所表现出来的中心思想。
Point of View（人称）：Narrative point of view or narrative perspective describes the position of the narrator—that is, the character of the storyteller in relation to the story being told.
人称指的是叙述故事的口吻。