上一期我们简单介绍了各种数据的类型,收集数据时我们可以进行不同的分类。 为了确保我们调查时得出的结论正确,使用随机抽样并避免偏差很重要。我们可以使用多种方法进行调查,例如一对一或小组访谈,邮件调查表,电话调查表或电子调查表,例如通过Internet进行的调查。但是呢无论我们决定使用哪种方法进行调查,从总体中选择的样本都必须是随机的。调查问卷中既然有数据,也不能少了问题,其实问题也有许多类型,这一期我们来了解一下不同调查问题的风格。 调查问题风格: A. Open Question - respondents reply in their own words.
For example:
"What is the most important issue for teenagers in your community?"
A.开放式问题 -受访者用自己的话回答。
例如:
“对于你所在社区的青少年来说,最重要的问题是什么?”
B. Closed Question – respondents select from a given list of responses. For example:
“Which issue below is the most important issue to teenagers in your community?”
Employment
youth gangs
drug use
poverty
hunger
B.封闭式问题 –受访者从给定的答案列表中进行选择。
例如:
“以下哪个问题是您社区中青少年最重要的问题?”
就业
青年团伙
吸毒
贫穷
饥饿
Quick recall: What type of data is being measured in the above question?
Answer: Nominal Data - That is data are categories. It can only be counted but cannot be manipulated arithmetically.
快速回顾:以上问题正在调查哪种数据?
答:名义数据-即数据的回答是类别。它只能计数,不能进行算术运算。
C. Information Question – respondents answer questions related to their background.
For example:
Circle the appropriate response
Gender: M/F Prefer Not to Answer
Age: under 14 15-19 20-64 over 65
C.信息问题 –受访者回答与其背景有关的问题。
例如:
圈出适当的答案
性别:M /F不想回答
年龄:14岁以下 15-19岁 20-64岁 65岁以上
Quick recall: What type of data is being measured for age?
Answer: Discrete Data - Although the age of a person could be in years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds and thus be continuous, age is usually the whole number value of the number of years since a person’s birth. Since it is almost always a whole number, it is a discrete, numerical variable.
快速回忆:正在测量哪种关于年龄类型的数据?
答案: 离散数据-尽管一个人的年龄可以是数年,数月,数天,数小时,数分钟,数秒,因此是连续的,但年龄通常是一个人出生后的年数的整数值。由于它几乎总是整数,所以它是一个离散的数字变量。
D. Checklist Question – respondents check off particular items as they see appropriate. Multiple responses to a particular question are permitted.
For example:
“Which of the following sports do your enjoy watching? Check all that apply.”
basketball
baseball
hockey
soccer
golf
D.清单问题 –允许对一个特定问题进行多次回答。
例如:
“您喜欢观看以下哪些运动?检查所有可以适用的答案。”
篮球,
棒球,
曲棍球,
足球,
高尔夫
Quick recall: What type of data is being measured in the question above about sports?
(a) nominal and quantitative
(b) ordinal and quantitative
(c) nominal and qualitative
(d) ordinal and qualitative
Answer: Nominal and qualitative
快速回顾: 关于体育的上述问题正在测量哪种类型的数据?
(a)名义和定量
(b)有序和定量
(c)名义和定性
(d)有序和定性
答:名义和定性的
E. Ranking Question – respondents rank a list of options in order of importance.
For example:
Rank the following list of teenage concerns in order of importance from 1 (most important) to 4 (least important).
__Graduating High School
__Getting a Summer Job
__Learning to Drive
__Having a Girl/Boyfriend
E.排名问题 –受访者按重要性顺序对选项列表进行排名。
例如:
按照重要性从1(最重要)到4(最不重要)的顺序对以下青少年问题列表进行排名。
__要从高中毕业
__找到一份暑假工
__学习开车
__有一个女孩/男朋友
Quick recall: What type of data is/are being measured in this question?
Answer: Discrete and Numerical - Since each category will receive a rank, the rank is the value that measures the characteristics: graduating high school, learning to drive, getting a summer job, having a girl/boyfriend. Therefore, there are really four different data, one for each concern. The data is numerical, discrete
快速回想一下:这个问题正在测量什么类型的数据?
答案:离散和数值-由于每个类别都会获得一个等级,因此等级是衡量以下特征的值:高中毕业,学习驾驶,找到暑假工,有男/女朋友。因此,实际上有四个不同的数据,每个涉及一个。数据是数字的,离散的。
F. Rating Question – respondents rate a particular item.
For example:
“How satisfied were you with the DJ from the Annual School Formal?
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neither satisfied nor satisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
F.评分问题–受访者对特定项目评分。
例如:
“您对年度学校的DJ满意吗?
非常满意
满意
既不满意也不纳
不满
非常不满
Quick recall: What type of variable is measured in this survey question?
(a) continuous
(b) discrete
(c) nominal
(d) ordinal
Answer: Ordinal - Nominal data where the order or the rank of the data is meaningful.
快速回顾:在此调查问题中测量的是哪种类型的变量?
(a)连续
(b)离散
(c)名义
(d)序数
答案: 序数-标称数据,其中数据的顺序或等级有意义。
进行一项调查时,存在的问题之一就是没有以正确的方式提出正确的问题,从而导致无法使用数据,更糟的是,会导致我们朝错误的方向发展。因此,调查最重要的部分是问题的措词。好的问题应该简单、相关、具体并且可读。以上就是我们在涉及调查问卷时不同的问题风格。下一期我们会继续深入的了解哦! 上一期的选择题答案揭晓一下哦!
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