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OSSD 大数据的世界(2)--各种各样的问题


上一期我们简单介绍了各种数据的类型,收集数据时我们可以进行不同的分类。

为了确保我们调查时得出的结论正确,使用随机抽样并避免偏差很重要。我们可以使用多种方法进行调查,例如一对一或小组访谈,邮件调查表,电话调查表或电子调查表,例如通过Internet进行的调查。但是呢无论我们决定使用哪种方法进行调查,从总体中选择的样本都必须是随机的调查问卷中既然有数据,也不能少了问题,其实问题也有许多类型,这一期我们来了解一下不同调查问题的风格。

调查问题风格:

A. Open Question - respondents reply in their own words.


For example:

"What is the most important issue for teenagers in your community?"


A.开放式问题 -受访者用自己的话回答。


例如:

对于你所在社区的青少年来说,最重要的问题是什么?


B. Closed Question – respondents select from a given list of responses.

For example:


“Which issue below is the most important issue to teenagers in your community?”

Employment

youth gangs

drug use

poverty

hunger





B.封闭式问题受访者从给定的答案列表中进行选择。


例如:


以下哪个问题是您社区中青少年最重要的问题?

就业

青年团伙

吸毒

贫穷

饥饿



Quick recall: What type of data is being measured in the above question?

Answer: Nominal Data - That is data are categories. It can only be counted but cannot be manipulated arithmetically.

快速回顾:以上问题正在调查哪种数据?

答:名义数据-即数据的回答是类别。它只能计数,不能进行算术运算。




C. Information Question – respondents answer questions related to their background.


For example:

Circle the appropriate response

Gender: M/F    Prefer Not to Answer

Age: under 14        15-19        20-64        over 65

C.信息问题受访者回答与其背景有关的问题。



例如:

圈出适当的答案

性别:M /F不想回答

年龄:14岁以下  15-19岁  20-64岁  65岁以上





Quick recall: What type of data is being measured for age?

Answer: Discrete Data - Although the age of a person could be in years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds and thus be continuous, age is usually the whole number value of the number of years since a person’s birth. Since it is almost always a whole number, it is a discrete, numerical variable.

快速回忆:正在测量哪种关于年龄类型的数据?

答案: 离散数据-尽管一个人的年龄可以是数年,数月,数天,数小时,数分钟,数秒,因此是连续的,但年龄通常是一个人出生后的年数的整数值。由于它几乎总是整数,所以它是一个离散的数字变量。





D. Checklist Question – respondents check off particular items as they see appropriate. Multiple responses to a particular question are permitted.


For example:


“Which of the following sports do your enjoy watching? Check all that apply.”

basketball

baseball

hockey

soccer

golf



D.清单问题允许对一个特定问题进行多次回答。


例如:


您喜欢观看以下哪些运动?检查所有可以适用的答案。

篮球,

棒球,

曲棍球,

足球,

高尔夫



Quick recall: What type of data is being measured in the question above about sports?

(a) nominal and quantitative

(b) ordinal and quantitative

(c) nominal and qualitative

(d) ordinal and qualitative


Answer: Nominal and qualitative


快速回顾: 关于体育的上述问题正在测量哪种类型的数据?

a)名义和定量

b)有序和定量

c)名义和定性

d)有序和定性



答:名义和定性的



E. Ranking Question – respondents rank a list of options in order of importance.


For example:

Rank the following list of teenage concerns in order of importance from 1 (most important) to 4 (least important).

__Graduating High School

__Getting a Summer Job

__Learning to Drive

__Having a Girl/Boyfriend





E.排名问题受访者按重要性顺序对选项列表进行排名。



例如:

按照重要性从1(最重要)到4(最不重要)的顺序对以下青少年问题列表进行排名。

__要从高中毕业

__找到一份暑假工

__学习开车

__有一个女孩/男朋友



Quick recall: What type of data is/are being measured in this question?

Answer: Discrete and Numerical - Since each category will receive a rank, the rank is the value that measures the characteristics: graduating high school, learning to drive, getting a summer job, having a girl/boyfriend. Therefore, there are really four different data, one for each concern. The data is numerical, discrete

快速回想一下:这个问题正在测量什么类型的数据?

答案:离散和数值-由于每个类别都会获得一个等级,因此等级是衡量以下特征的值:高中毕业,学习驾驶,找到暑假工,有男/女朋友。因此,实际上有四个不同的数据,每个涉及一个。数据是数字的,离散的。


F. Rating Question – respondents rate a particular item.


For example:

“How satisfied were you with the DJ from the Annual School Formal?



Very Satisfied

Satisfied

Neither satisfied nor satisfied

Dissatisfied

Very dissatisfied


F.评分问题受访者对特定项目评分。


例如:

您对年度学校的DJ满意吗?



非常满意

满意

既不满意也不纳

不满

非常不满



Quick recall: What type of variable is measured in this survey question?

(a)    continuous

(b)    discrete

(c)    nominal

(d)    ordinal

Answer:  Ordinal - Nominal data where the order or the rank of the data is meaningful.



快速回顾:在此调查问题中测量的是哪种类型的变量?

a)连续

b)离散

c)名义

d)序数

答案:  序数-标称数据,其中数据的顺序或等级有意义。


进行一项调查时,存在的问题之一就是没有以正确的方式提出正确的问题,从而导致无法使用数据,更糟的是,会导致我们朝错误的方向发展。因此,调查最重要的部分是问题的措词。好的问题应该简单相关具体并且可读。以上就是我们在涉及调查问卷时不同的问题风格。下一期我们会继续深入的了解哦!

上一期的选择题答案揭晓一下哦!


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